Structural Health Monitoring at the University of Illinois

This webpage contains detailed information regarding full-scale applications of wireless sensors which can serve as a resource to the research and practitioner community. Reference papers/reports detailing the various deployments, URL for the deployments, pictures, and other information can be found here.

The detailed information regarding full-scale applications of wireless sensors is tabulated below: (click on author to access the paper, click on project to access the project URL)

Author	Project	Purpose	Platform	Sensor Node	Energy Harvesting	Nodes	Accel.	Strain	Displ./ Crack	Inclin.	Wind	Temp.	Humid.	Light	CO2	Veloc.	Total Sensing Channels	Maximum Sampling Frequency (Hz)	Duration (days)	In-network Processing	Results	Deployment Date
Arms et al. 2004	Liberty bell	Protection during bell move	Agile-Link (MicroStrain)	Acceleration, strain, displacement (crack)		3	3	1	2								6	1700	0.5		Protection during bell move	October-03
Bennett et al. 2010	Prague Metro	Monitor movement of tunnel lining	MICAz	Crackwidth, Inclination, temperature, humidity		28			2	10							12	0.00555556	180		Monitor movement of tunnel lining	September-08
Bennett et al. 2010	London Underground	Monitor movement of tunnel lining	MICAz	Crackwidth, Inclination, temperature, humidity		25			5	16							21	0.00555556	180		Monitor movement of tunnel lining	July-08
Bennett et al. 1999	Highway	Monitor fatigue damage in pavements	Hitachi H8/329 controller	Strain, Temperature				2				2					4	100	up to 7 months		Monitor fatigue damage in pavements	March-98
Bischoff et al. 2009	Railway bridge (steel)	Assess the bridge in order to increase its axle load from 22.5 to 25 tons	Tmote Sky	Strain, waken up by accelerometer	Solar panel	8		8				8	8				24	100	7	Yes	Assess the bridge in order to increase its axle load from 22.5 to 25 tons	July-07
Jang et al. 2010	Jindo bridge	SHM system evaluation	Imote2	Acceleration, strain, wind, light, temperature	Solar panel	70	207				3						210	10			SHM system evaluation	2008
Cho et al. 2010	Jindo bridge	Mode shapes	Imote2	Acceleration, strain, wind, light, temperature	Solar panel	70	207				3						210	10		FDD, SSI Modal Analysis	Mode shapes, cable tension forces	2008
Kim et al. 2007	Golden Gate Bridge	Test wireless sensor network requiring multi-hop communication	MicaZ	Acceleration, temperature		64	128					64					192	50	medium-term		Modal analysis after central data collection	July-06
Kurata et al. 2010	New Carquinez Suspension Bridge	Validate sensor performance, validate FE model, modal analyses	Narada	Acceleration, wind, temperature	Solar panel	21	57				2	2					61	20	long-term		Validate sensor performance, validate FE model, modal analyses	January-11
Lynch et al. 2006	Geumdang Bridge	Wireless sensor prototype and embedded computing validation	WiMMS (Prototype)	Acceleration		14	14										14	70	short-term	FFT, peak-picking	Modal frequencies, operational displacement shapes	July-05
Meyer et al. 2010	Stork Bridge in Winterthur	Validation of long-term field test using wireless sensor network	Tmote Sky	Acceleration, temperature, humidity		6	6										6	100	long-term		Validation of long-term field test using wireless sensor network	Autumn 2006
Pakzad et al. 2008	Golden Gate Bridge	Test wireless sensor network requiring multi-hop communication	MicaZ	Acceleration, temperature		64	128					64					192	50	medium-term		Modal analysis after central data collection	July-06
Whelan et al. 2010	Nine Wells Rail Bridge	System identification, operational modal analysis, calibrate FE model, analytical structural evaluation, load response assessment	Tmote Sky	Acceleration		30	30										30	256			System identification, operational modal analysis, calibrate FE model, analytical structural evaluation, load response assessment
Whelan et al. 2009	Steel girder bridge	Shm hardware/software validation, modal analysis, strain profile induced by vehicular traffic	Tmote Sky	Acceleration, strain		20	29	11									40	128	short-term		Shm hardware/software validation, modal analysis, strain profile induced by vehicular traffic
Zonta et al. 2010	Aquila Tower	Protect historic building, evaluate long-term performance of SHM system	3MATE! (TRETEC)	Acceleration, deformation gauge (fiber-optic), temperature, humidity, light		16	3		2			11					16	200	long-term		Protect historic building, evaluate long-term performance of SHM system	September-08
Ye et al. 2011	Overpass bridge	Local and global modal analyses	Imote2	Acceleration		11	11										11			NExT/ERA/EMAC	Local and global modal analyses
Weng et al. 2008	Gi-Lu Cable-stayed bridge	Test for health monitoring of cable-stayed bridge, identify coupling effect of cable and deck	WiMMS (Prototype)	Velocity meter (Tokyo Sokushin VSE-15)		12										12	12	100	short-term		Modal analysis and cable tension force
Lynch et al. 2010	New Carquinez Suspension Bridge	Wireless system proof-of-concept	Narada/Imote2	Acceleration		30	14										14		long-term	SSI Modal Analysis	Wireless system proof-of-concept
Hoult et al. 2010	Ferriby Road Bridge	Evaluation of the potential of wireless sensor network	MicaZ	Crack, inclination, temperature, humidity	Solar panel	7			3	3		7	6				19		long-tern		Crack growth, inclination of deck	Apr-08
Lynch et al. 2003	Alamosa Canyon Bridge	Wireless system proof-of-concept	WiMMS (Prototype)	Acceleration		7	14										14		short-term	Independent FFT	Modal frequencies	2003
Gallbreath et al. 2004	Ben Franklin Bridge	Demonstration of wireless system with remote programming	Microstrain SG-Link	Strain, Temperature		10		10				10					20		medium-term		Streaming real-time strain time histories	2004
Gattulli et al. 2013	Basilica S. Maria di Collemaggio	MEMS accelerometers performance analysis, WSN reliability evaluation, long term SHM, long term performance and lifetime evaluation of a custom developed sensing platform	Imote2 (Westmote will be added in the future)	Acceleration, (crack, inclination in the future)		15 (8 in the future)	45					15	15				75	400	long-term	EFDD, SSI modal analysis	Mode shapes, modal frequencies	Jun-11
Liu et al. 2011	GreenOrbs	Carbon absorbance measurements in the forest, precise forestry and ecosystem management, forest microclimate surveillance, forest fire monitoring, protocol design, implementation and evaluation at large scale	TelosB	Temperature, humidity, light, CO₂	Solar panel	500+						500	500	500	30			1530	long-term	Local log on sensor nodes, discard duplicate packets	RSSI and link quality vs. environmental conditions, packet delivery and reception performance in the wild, causes of packet drops on links and nodes	Summer 2008
Liu et al. 2012	CitySee	Carbon footprint measurements, typical smart city applications (air quality, environment surveillance, pollution detection, network measurement study of large scale wireless sensor networks	Various environmental sensor nodes	Temperature, humidity, light, CO2, CO, particulate, SO2, water quality, parking lot occupancy	Solar panel	1200						1096	1096		100			2292	long-term	Data aggregation, event-driven data collection	SNR, RSSI, and Transmission ranges, interference characteristics, energy consumption and delay measurement in a large-scale sensor network , causes of packet losses	May-11
Zhang et al. 2013 University of Maryland	I-270/Middlebrook Bridge	short-term field test to calibrate FE model	Imote 2	Acceleration		3	9										9		2		Modal frequencies	March 19th-20th, 2012
Christenson et al. 2013	Gold Star Bridge	long-term monitoring of hung span	Microstation	Acceleration, strain	Solar panel	12	4	8									12		long-term		Frequencies, hanger tension	November 2006 - October 2007 (continuous) October 2007 - June 2010 (periodic)
Zhang et al. 2013 Nanjing University	Xinghai Underground Square, Suzhou Metro	In-situ measurement and assessment for vibration levels induced by metro train	Imote 2	Acceleration		2	1										1	280	short-term	Embedded acceleration level computing	Vibration level distribution	August-September 2012
Zhang et al. 2013 Nanjing University	Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel	In-situ measurement for tunnel dynamical characteristics induced by vehicular traffic	Imote 2	Acceleration		3	9										9		short-term		Time history and PSD of box culverts	2011, 2012